Topic Summaries

Factors affecting energy supply

IGCSE > Geography > Pearson IGCSE > IGCSE Geography Topic Summaries > Energy supply > Factors affecting energy supply
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Weather hazards and atmospheric circulation

Hot desert ecosystems

Cold environment ecosystems

Glacial landscapes

Glacial landform processes

Energy supply

  • Physical factors: availability of natural resources (e.g. oil, gas, coal, sunlight, wind). Fossil fuels are found in specific locations, and renewable energy potential depends on climate and geography.
  • Cost of exploitation and production: extracting fossil fuels or building renewable energy infrastructure can be expensive. LICs may lack the financial resources to exploit their energy reserves.
  • Technology: advanced technology is needed to extract energy from difficult locations (e.g. deep-sea oil drilling, fracking). LICs may lack access to such technology, limiting their energy supply.
  • Political factors: political instability in energy-rich regions (e.g. Middle East, Russia) can disrupt supply. Trade disputes, sanctions, and conflicts can limit energy exports. Countries may prioritise energy security by reducing reliance on imports (e.g. UK investing in renewables).

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