Topic Summaries
Momentum (HT ONLY)
Energy and power
Renewable energy and efficiency
Charge, current, and electric fields
Potential difference and resistors
Electricity
Volume and gases
States of matter and heat capacity
Radiation
Nuclear fusion and fission
Forces
Velocity and acceleration
Gravity and Newton's Laws
Moments and elastic potential
Pressure
Stopping, braking, and momentum
Properties of waves
Electromagnetic waves
Refraction and lenses
Light, colour, and ray diagrams
Absorbing and emitting infrared radiation
Magnetic fields
Motor effect, generator effect, and transformers
Science skills: Experimental procedures
Science skills: Presenting and using data
Science skills: Measuring results
Energy and power
Renewable energy and efficiency
Charge, current, and electric fields
Potential difference and resistors
Electricity
Volume and gases
States of matter and heat capacity
Radiation
Nuclear fusion and fission
Forces
Velocity and acceleration
Gravity and Newton's Laws
Moments and elastic potential
Pressure
Stopping, braking, and momentum
Properties of waves
Electromagnetic waves
Refraction and lenses
Light, colour, and ray diagrams
Absorbing and emitting infrared radiation
Magnetic fields
Motor effect, generator effect, and transformers
Science skills: Experimental procedures
Science skills: Presenting and using data
Science skills: Measuring results
- Momentum is a vector quantity with a direction that is the same as that of the object’s velocity.
- The momentum of an object is calculated as \(\text{momentum}=\text{mass}\times\text{velocity}\). This can also be written as \(p=mv\) where:
- \(p\) is the object’s momentum in kg m/s
- \(m\) is its mass in kg
- \(v\) is its velocity in m/s
- The principle of conservation of momentum states that in a closed system, the total momentum before an event must be the same as the total momentum after an event. Examples of conservation of momentum include:
- When a stationary gun fires a bullet, the gun recoils because it gains momentum equal and opposite to that of the bullet.
- If a car travelling at speed crashes into a stationary car and they stick together, they will continue moving at reduced speed. If they originally had equal and opposite momenta, they will be brought to a stop.
- If a snooker ball strikes a second ball and stops, the second snooker ball will start travelling with the first ball’s initial momentum.
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