Topic Summaries

Primary and secondary effects of tectonic hazards

IGCSE > Geography > Pearson IGCSE > IGCSE Geography Topic Summaries > Responses to tectonic hazards > Primary and secondary effects of tectonic hazards
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Weather hazards and atmospheric circulation

Hot desert ecosystems

Cold environment ecosystems

Glacial landscapes

Glacial landform processes

Energy supply

Primary effects Secondary effects
  • People injured or killed: falling debris and collapsing buildings can injure or kill people. Others may be trapped under rubble requiring rescue and medical attention.
  • Property damage: homes, offices, and other buildings can collapse, leaving people homeless or businesses destroyed.
  • Transport links damaged: roads, railways, and ports can be destroyed, making it challenging to get aid to the affected areas.
  • Pipes and power lines broken: water pipes can burst, cutting off water supplies. Electricity cables can snap, causing power cuts.
  • Fires from broken gas pipes: gas leaks can cause fires which destroy more buildings and put lives at risk.
  • Lack of fresh water: can lead to diseases like cholera if people drink dirty water.
  • Blocked transport links: roads and railways can be blocked by rubble, inhibiting emergency services from helping people.
  • Businesses lose money: shops and factories may have to close due to damage. Governments and people spend more money on repairing buildings instead of growing the economy and improving infrastructure.

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