Topic Summaries

Globalisation and religion

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  • 👤 Giddens (1991): fundamentalism is a reaction to uncertainty in late modernity. Cosmopolitanism embraces tolerance and adaptation.
    • Fundamentalism is not the only religious response to globalisation.
  • 👤 Huntington 1993): clash of civilisations as a driver of global conflict in the post-Cold War era.
    • Overemphasises conflict and underplays peaceful interactions.
  • 👤 Robertson (1970): global religions adapt hybrid ‘glocal’ (global/local) forms.
    • Some see this as diluting traditional teachings.
  • 👤 Nanda (2008): in India, rising affluence has strengthened Hindu religiosity, with faith legitimating consumerism.
    • Challenges secularisation theory by linking prosperity with growing faith

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