Topic Summaries

Theoretical perspectives and ethical considerations

A-Level > Sociology > AQA > A Level Sociology Topic Summaries > Research methods > Theoretical perspectives and ethical considerations
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  • Positivism: society can be studied scientifically with quantitative methods. This focuses on reliability and representativeness.
    • Ignores subjective meaning.
  • Interpretivism: society understood through qualitative methods. This focuses on validity.
    • Lacks reliability, harder to generalise.
  • Conflict theory: Marxist and feminist theorists can combine methods to show structural inequality and lived experience.
  • Practical concerns: time, cost, access, researcher skills, cultural understanding.
  • Ethical concerns: informed consent, avoid harm, confidentiality, sensitivity.

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