Topic Summaries

Key research concepts

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  • Reliability: consistency of results.
  • Validity: accuracy and truthfulness of data.
  • Representativeness: how well findings reflect the population.
  • Triangulation: using multiple methods to improve validity.
  • Operationalisation: defining variables so they can be measured.
  • Reflexivity: awareness of researcher’s influence on data.
  • Hawthorne Effect: participants alter behaviour when observed.
  • Demand characteristics: participants respond in ways they think are expected.
  • Grounded theory: generating theory inductively from data (👥 Glaser and Strauss, 1967).

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