Topic Summaries

Aid, trade, industrialisation, urbanisation, environment, and conflict

A-Level > Sociology > AQA > A Level Sociology Topic Summaries > Global development > Aid, trade, industrialisation, urbanisation, environment, and conflict
Previous Module
Next Module

Exam overview
  • Aid:
    • Bilateral, multilateral, humanitarian, development
    • 👤 Sachs (2005) supports a big push.
    • 👤 Moyo (2009) warns of dependency.
      • Works best when it builds state capacity and is performance-based.
  • Trade: 
    • Comparative advantage vs. dependency on primary exports
    • Upgrading through GVCs and industrial policy
      • Smart protection and export promotion can work in early stages 
  • Industrialisation:
    • Manufacturing scales productivity
    • Raises inequality and ecological stress
      • Green industrial policy is now strategic
  • Urbanisation: pulls labour to cities, expanding services and informal sector
    • 👤 Harvey (2006) links to capital circulation and displacement
      • Requires housing, transport, sanitation investment
  • Environment:
    • Growth pressures ecosystems
    • Ecological modernisation backs clean tech and regulation
    • Risk society thesis highlights global hazards
      • Climate finance and just transition are pivotal
  • War and conflict:
    • Destroys capital and institutions
    • 👤 Collier’s (2003) conflict trap
    • MPI is higher where conflict persists
        • Peace dividends need inclusive growth

Unlock Aid, trade, industrialisation, urbanisation, environment, and conflict

Subscribe to SnapRevise+ to get immediate access to the rest of this resource.

Premium accounts get immediate access to this resource.

Previous Module
Next Module