Topic Summaries

Demographic trends

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  • Birth rates: πŸ‘€ Harper (2012) attributes declining birth rates to changes in women’s roles, contraception, and economic factors.
    • Trends differ across cultures and income levels.
  • Death rates: πŸ‘€ McKeown (1972) links declining death rates primarily to improved nutrition and living standards.
    • Advances in medicine and public health are also important factors.
  • Ageing population: πŸ‘€ Phillipson (2006) the elderly are seen as an economic burden in capitalist societies.
    • Postmodernists highlight positive ageing and active lifestyles.
  • Migration: πŸ‘€ Vertovec (2007) describes “super-diversity” with varied migration patterns, origins, and settlement experiences.
    • Can create cultural enrichment but also challenges for social policy.

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