Topic Summaries

Globalisation and identity

A-Level > Sociology > AQA > A Level Sociology Topic Summaries > Culture and identity > Globalisation and identity
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Exam overview
  • 👤 Hall (1997) argues globalisation creates three possible responses to identity: cultural homogenisation, cultural hybridity, and cultural resistance.
    • Over-generalises and ignores local variations in how global influences are received
  • 👤 Giddens (1999) argues globalisation increases reflexivity, with individuals constantly re-evaluating their identities in a rapidly changing world.
    • Underestimates structural constraints such as poverty and discrimination
  • 👤 Tomlinson (2001) claims globalisation leads to hybridised cultures rather than complete cultural erosion, with people blending global and local influences.
    • Not all groups can equally access or influence global culture
  • 👤 Bauman (1998) highlights the emergence of “liquid identity” in a globalised consumer society, where identities are temporary and easily reshaped.
    • Overstates choice and neglects the role of enduring cultural traditions
  • 👤 Ritzer’s (2008) concept of “McDonaldization” describes how globalisation spreads standardised cultural products and processes, reducing diversity.
    • Ignores how consumers can adapt and reinterpret global products

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