Topic Summaries
Components of blood
Transport Systems
Blood and heart disease
Stem cells, microscopy, and microorganisms
Transport in cells
Human health and enzymes
Plant transport systems
Pathogens and non-specific immunity
The immune system and drugs
Plant disease and monoclonal antibodies
Photosynthesis and respiration
The nervous system and homeostasis
The brain and the eye
Hormone regulation and waste excretion
Reproductive hormones and plant hormones
Cell division, reproduction, and DNA structure
DNA synthesis and inheritance
Genetic engineering and modification
Evolution and natural selection
Species and classification
Resource cycles and environmental change
Biodiversity and environmental management
Biomass and trophic levels
Food supply and biotechnology
Science skills: Experimental procedures
Science skills: Presenting and using data
Science skills: Measuring results
Transport Systems
Blood and heart disease
Stem cells, microscopy, and microorganisms
Transport in cells
Human health and enzymes
Plant transport systems
Pathogens and non-specific immunity
The immune system and drugs
Plant disease and monoclonal antibodies
Photosynthesis and respiration
The nervous system and homeostasis
The brain and the eye
Hormone regulation and waste excretion
Reproductive hormones and plant hormones
Cell division, reproduction, and DNA structure
DNA synthesis and inheritance
Genetic engineering and modification
Evolution and natural selection
Species and classification
Resource cycles and environmental change
Biodiversity and environmental management
Biomass and trophic levels
Food supply and biotechnology
Science skills: Experimental procedures
Science skills: Presenting and using data
Science skills: Measuring results
- Red blood cells: transports oxygen around the body.
- Contains haemoglobin, which binds to oxygen.
- Biconcave shape gives a high surface area to volume ratio.
- No nucleus to maximise space for more haemoglobin.
- White blood cells: destroy pathogens as part of immune system.
- Phagocytes engulf pathogens and digest them using enzymes. Phagocytes have a lobed nucleus and a granulated cytoplasm (granules contain enzymes).
- Lymphocytes produce antibodies to clump pathogens together. Lymphocytes are smaller, have a large nucleus and no granules.
- Platelets: when the skin is wounded, they release clotting factors, which turn fibrinogen in the plasma into fibrin, forming a mesh that sticks platelets together to form a scab.
- Plasma: other blood components are suspended in plasma, and it transports glucose, amino acids, carbon dioxide and urea. Plasma is a straw-coloured aqueous liquid mostly made up of water which dissolves nutrients.
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