Topic Summaries
Interpreting graphs
Transport Systems
Blood and heart disease
Stem cells, microscopy, and microorganisms
Transport in cells
Human health and enzymes
Plant transport systems
Pathogens and non-specific immunity
The immune system and drugs
Plant disease and monoclonal antibodies
Photosynthesis and respiration
The nervous system and homeostasis
The brain and the eye
Hormone regulation and waste excretion
Reproductive hormones and plant hormones
Cell division, reproduction, and DNA structure
DNA synthesis and inheritance
Genetic engineering and modification
Evolution and natural selection
Species and classification
Resource cycles and environmental change
Biodiversity and environmental management
Biomass and trophic levels
Food supply and biotechnology
Science skills: Experimental procedures
Science skills: Presenting and using data
Science skills: Measuring results
Transport Systems
Blood and heart disease
Stem cells, microscopy, and microorganisms
Transport in cells
Human health and enzymes
Plant transport systems
Pathogens and non-specific immunity
The immune system and drugs
Plant disease and monoclonal antibodies
Photosynthesis and respiration
The nervous system and homeostasis
The brain and the eye
Hormone regulation and waste excretion
Reproductive hormones and plant hormones
Cell division, reproduction, and DNA structure
DNA synthesis and inheritance
Genetic engineering and modification
Evolution and natural selection
Species and classification
Resource cycles and environmental change
Biodiversity and environmental management
Biomass and trophic levels
Food supply and biotechnology
Science skills: Experimental procedures
Science skills: Presenting and using data
Science skills: Measuring results
- The gradient of a straight line of best fit can give information about the relationship between two variables in a graph.
- To calculate the gradient, choose two points on the lines as far apart as possible such that their x and y values are easy to read and calculate the differences in the two x and the two y values. The gradient will be difference in y ÷ difference in x.
- A curved line of best fit has a changing gradient. The gradient at a particular point can be calculated by drawing a tangent.
- A tangent is a straight line that only just brushes against the point on the curve.
- The gradient of the curve is the gradient of this straight-line tangent.
- The x or y intercept is the point where the line crosses the x or y axis.
- The area under a line graph is the value that corresponds to multiplying together the two variables shown in the graph as they are both changing.
- For straight line graphs, this area can be calculated using the formula for the area of a rectangle or a triangle.
- For curves, this area can be estimated by counting the squares beneath the graph.
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